Ridgeway Civil War collection Artillery shells, Mullane (Confederate)

	The Civil War Relicman, Harry Ridgeway
	Winchester, Virginia USA Civil War artillery bought and sold
	relicman.com

Ridgeway Reference Archive, Civil War artillery
Mullane (Confederate)

This is the "Ridgeway Reference Archive", a research tool for educational purposes only, and is provided at no cost to the reader. Some of the relics listed are retained in the author's collection, most reside in other collections and are not owned by the author. None of the items listed in this section are for sale, please refer to relicman.com sales listings for items offered for sale. This is a work in progress, I list items as I get to them, there are many patterns that are not listed yet, this list will be regularly updated as I get pictures and descriptions for more items. I will also correct mistakes, so if you see any please tell me. All items listed are believed to be authentic to the Civil War or as otherwise described. Any excavated relics have been recovered from private property with owners permission. This information is available for research purposes, pictures may be used by permission only.
All artillery items listed have been disarmed.

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate mountain rifle, 2.25 in.

A0061 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate mountain rifle, 2.25 in.
Referred to as "long bolt" because the single bolt holding the sabot is long. Center bolt & 3 studs intact, along with remnants of wood
base.
Recovered: from cache near Selma Arsenal.
Diameter 2.2 in., length 5.25 in.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 198

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 2.9in.
The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This is 2.9 inch caliber for this shell, which is unusual, most are 3 inch. Two bourrelet rings were employed, bourrelet rings are typically weak, casting is usually rough with poor quality metal. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a long center bolt, copper sabot was cupped and relatively loose. Performance of this shell was unsatisfactory, typically the sabot would fly off on firing. Cast for a wood fuse. Shell measures: diameter 2.86in., length 9in overall (7in exclude bolt & studs).
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (2.9 in caliber, long nose, long bolt, cupped sabot)

A2269 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 2.9in.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (2.9 in caliber, long nose, long bolt, cupped sabot)

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.

A1283 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.
Bourreleted Mullane shell. Shell is often rough cast with poor quality metal. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a long center bolt, copper sabot was cupped and relatively loose. Performance of this shell was unsatisfactory, typically the sabot flew off on firing. Cast for a wood fuse.
Fired sabot shows 3 lands and grooves. Wood fuse is missing
A wood sleeve was fitted around the bolt for added support, fragment of it remains! Metal quality is good with minor pitting.
Recovered: Fredericksburg Va
Diameter 2.94 in., length 9 in overall (7.5 in exclude bolt & studs)
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (long nose, long bolt, cupped sabot with wood)

A1849 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.

Bourreleted Mullane shell. Shell is often rough cast with poor quality metal. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a long center bolt, copper sabot was cupped and relatively loose. Performance of this shell was unsatisfactory, typically the sabot flew off on firing. Cast for a wood fuse.
Metal shows modest pitting, rare to get fired example with sabot intact, this one is nice example showing clear rifling, wood fuse is missing. Recovered: central Virginia. Diameter 2.94 inch, length 9 in overall (7 in exclude bolt & studs).
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (long nose, long bolt, cupped sabot with wood)

A1517     Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.

Bourreleted Mullane shell, casting is usually rough with poor quality metal, bourrelet rings are typically weak. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a long center bolt, copper sabot was cupped and relatively loose. Performance of this shell was unsatisfactory, typically the sabot would fly off on firing.  Cast for a wood fuse. Fired sabot intact, rare to get this shell with fired sabot intact, this one is nice example showing the distress of firing, wood fuse is missing, metal is solid with light pitting. Recovered: not known. Diameter 2.94 in., length 9 in overall (7 in exclude bolt & studs)
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (long nose, long bolt, cupped sabot)

A2463 Mullane bourreleted long nose shell, copper disc sabot with studs cast in shell, wood fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.
Recovered: Virginia campaign.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg 203 (long nose, long bolt, cupped sabot with wood)

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.
Bourreleted Mullane shell. Shell is often rough cast with poor quality metal. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a short center bolt, copper sabot was fastened flush with the bottom. Performance of this shell was unsatisfactory, typically the sabot flew off on firing. Cast for a wood fuse.
Diameter 2.94 in., length 8.0 in. (6.5 in exclude bolt & studs)
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (short nose, short bolt, flush mounted)

A2009 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.
Recovered: Richmond, Va
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (short nose, short bolt, flush mounted)

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3in.
This pattern features an iron shell body cast independent of the copper sabot, then assembled together with a center bolt and held in place with three studs. The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This sabot design, referred to as "Type I" by collectors, featured studs cast into the shell, the copper cupped disc sabot was fitted over the studs through holes, center is secured with an iron bolt, this is the convention generally employed in the smaller calibers. This variant in design features a long bolt, sabot is loose mounted and a piece of wood was placed on the bottom, presumably to cushion the shock on firing, Although this sabot system may have simplified manufacture, it was unstable, the threads would tend to shear on firing or the copper sabot would peel off or distort. A notch was cut into the side of the sabot and shell to allow flames to pass to the fuse. Shell is often rough cast with poor quality metal. Length of nose varies considerably and is largely the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Width of bourrelet rings also varied as milling adjustments were set individually. Shell utilized a wood fuse. Shell measures: diameter 2.94in., length 8.0in. overall approx. (6.5in. exclude bolt & studs), weight 6lbs.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (short nose, long bolt, cupped sabot)

A1850 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3in.

Bourreleted Mullane shell. Shell is often rough cast with poor quality metal. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuse. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a long center bolt, copper sabot was cupped and relatively loose. Performance of this shell was unsatisfactory, typically the sabot flew off on firing. Cast for a wood fuse.
Metal is superb, casting mold seam is very visible, rare to get fired example with sabot intact, this one showing 7 lands and grooves, wood fuse is missing. Recovered: Spotsylvania, VA . Diameter 2.94 inch, length 8.0 in overall (6.5 in exclude bolt & studs)
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (short nose, long bolt, cupped sabot)

A2542 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3in.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203 (short nose, long bolt, cupped sabot)

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper grooved disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, Confederate tapered drive in time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.

A0588 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper grooved disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, Confederate tapered drive in time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3 in.
This is the very rare example with a Confederate "driven" copper time fuse. Apparently this was an idea for fuses that was tried on a few examples of this shell and then discarded as there are very few of these and they only appear on these Mullanes. This unfired example has the sabot and part of the hemp rope is still intact.
Recovered: battlefield unknown
Diameter 2.94 in., length 8.5 in.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 207

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, Marshall Arsenal, "Trans Mississippi", four studs, copper disc sabot, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle 3 in.
The Marshall Arsenal sabot consists of a thin brass casting secured by 4 prepositioned holes in the base serving as studs. The resultant disc sabot stretches all the way across the bottom in contrast with the Read pattern also produced at Marshall, which attaches to a knob that protrudes on the bottom, otherwise the designs are identical. Notches were cut from the sabot to serve as flame grooves. Nose was milled for a wood fuse. Shell measures: diameter 2.9in., length 7.75in., weight 7lbs.
Ref: Dickey & George (1993 Edition), pg 213 as to pattern, not listed in 3 in. caliber

A1851 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, Marshall Arsenal, "Trans Mississippi", four studs, copper disc sabot, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle 3 in.

This is Mullane pattern made at Marshall Arsenal, four brass studs were cast into the sabot, copper sabot affixed with a center bolt. This is a rare pattern, example of pattern in a different caliber is shown D&G pg. 213. Cast for a wood fuse.
Fired example, sabot separated leaving the studs sheared in the body of the shell, wood fuse is missing, solid metal light pitting.
Recovered: not known
Diameter 2.85 in., length 7.0 in exclude bolt & studs
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), not listed (see pg. 213 for pattern in different caliber)

A2384 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, Marshall Arsenal, "Trans Mississippi", four studs, copper disc sabot, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle 3 in.
Recovered from Louisiana.
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 213 as to pattern, not listed in 3 in. caliber

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, rounded nose smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3.5 in.

A1852 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, rounded nose smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, wood time fuse, Confederate rifle, 3.5 in.

Smooth sided short Mullane shell. Type I sabot is copper disc held in place by three studs cast into the shell, held by a short center bolt, copper sabot was fastened flush with the bottom. Cast for a wood fuse.
Fired sabot shows 7 straight lands and grooves, wood fuse missing, strong metal with light pitting.
Recovered: Fredericksburg
Diameter 3.45 inch, length 7 inch
Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 211

Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, pointed nose with bourrelet rings, rings milled smooth to convert to smaller caliber, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate 30 pounder rifle, 4.2 in.

A0155 Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, pointed nose with bourrelet rings, rings milled smooth to convert to smaller caliber, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate 30 pounder rifle, 4.2 in.
Solid bolt was cast for 12 pounder smoothbore (4.5 in.), intended to be converted to a rifled gun of same bore, a task the beleaguered Confederacy could not accomplish. So it was put on a lathe and cut down to the diameter of a regular 30 pounder rifled gun (4.2 in.) and then it was fired. The original would have had the distinctive Mullane bourrelet rings, now gone as result of the downsizing. Note that even into the sabot studs are cut into. Type II sabot (studs in the sabot) shows 5 lands and grooves
Recovered: Vicksburg
Diameter altered from 4.5in to 4.1in., length 8.25in
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 402 (actual shell photographed)

Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, flat top, smooth sided, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate rifled 12 pounder rifle, 4.62 in.

A0356 Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, flat top, smooth sided, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate rifled 12 pounder rifle, 4.62 in.
Bolt is made of wrought iron, type II studs in the sabot, sabot is fired but rifling is faint. Shell is somewhat of a mystery as it would seem too heavy to fire from the rifled 12 pounders. This may be why they are so rare!
Recovered: Vicksburg, Mississippi
Diameter 4.52in., length 9.87in
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 405, actual example photographed

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted, copper disc sabot with iron studs from shell, sabot flush mounted, wood time fuse, Confederate rifled 12 pounder 4.62 in.
This pattern features an iron shell body cast independent of the copper sabot, then assembled together with a center bolt and held in place with three studs. The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This sabot design, referred to as "Type I" by collectors, featured studs cast into the shell, the copper disc sabot was fitted over the studs through holes, center is secured with an iron bolt, it is unusual for this convention to be applied to the larger calibers. Shell has two bourrelet rings which are light, sabot is flush mounted. Shell employed a wood time fuse. Shell measures: diameter 4.6in., length 11.5in. with sabot, weight 25lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 406 (wood fuse)

A2420 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted, copper disc sabot with iron studs from shell, sabot flush mounted, wood time fuse, Confederate rifled 12 pounder 4.62 in.
Recovered: Charleston South Carolina.
Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 406 (wood fuse)

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, machined for threaded fuse but wood time fuse used, rifled 18 pounder rifle, 5.3 in.

A0156 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, bourreleted rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, machined for threaded fuse but wood time fuse used, rifled 18 pounder rifle, 5.3 in.
Fired sabot and studs intact which is very rare for this fired example, for most sabots blew off. Fuse hole is threaded but wood fuses were used on all of them. This was conversion of 18 pounder smoothbore which was not very practical so only limited quantity of these were used.
Recovered: Creighton Rd. Seven Days Battle, Richmond, VA
Diameter 5.25 in., length 10.5 in.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 409

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, pointed nose, bourreleted ringed short pattern, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, copper percussion fuse, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in.

A0157 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, pointed nose, bourreleted ringed short pattern, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, copper percussion fuse, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in.
Sabot missing, heavy Type I studs intact. Fuse is Archer percussion fuse (Jones pg. 56 top right).
Recovered: by Mason - James River Fort VA
Diameter 6.32 in., sabot missing
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 418

Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, short pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, rifled 32 pounder or Brooke rifle, 6.4in.
This pattern features an iron shell body cast independent of the copper sabot, then assembled together with a center bolt and held in place with three studs. The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This sabot design, referred to as "Type II", featured studs cast into the sabot and seated in the shell, and is the convention generally employed in the larger calibers. The low convex blunt nose was designed for armor punching against the Federal ironclads. This short design was relatively light and could be used in the old 32 pounder smoothbores that had been rifled. The top edge was milled in some of these patterns. Shell measures: diameter 6.35in., length 9.25in., weight 65lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 415 (short bolt, milled top)

A2543 Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, short pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, rifled 32 pounder or Brooke rifle, 6.4in.
Recovered: Charleston, South Carolina.
Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 415 (short bolt, milled top)

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, rounded nose bourreleted ringed short pattern, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, copper percussion fuse, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in.

A0159 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, rounded nose bourreleted ringed short pattern, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, copper percussion fuse, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in.
Shell with threaded fuse missing, fired sabot shows some distortion from firing but did not effectively take the rifling. This is the type II sabot, studs protrude from the sabot into the shell.
Recovered: central Virginia
Diameter 6.33 in., length 11.25in
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 420, actual example photographed

Mullane (Tennessee) shell fragment, studs in sabot, Type II 6.4 in shell

A0158 Mullane (Tennessee) shell fragment, studs in sabot, Type II 6.4 in shell
Fragment of base, shows holes for Type II sabot, (studs protrude from the sabot rather than the shell.
Diameter 6.3 in.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 420

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, pointed nose bourreleted ringed long pattern, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, wood fuse, Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.

A0852 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, pointed nose bourreleted ringed long pattern, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, wood fuse, Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.
Shell cast for wood fuse which is missing, Several of these shells were found many years ago in a stack at one of the Cape Fear forts, all with the sabots missing. Apparently the Confederates removed the sabots in the retreat with the intention of salvaging the copper. These wood fused Mullanes with this dimension are only found in the North Carolina forts, now lost to development, and the casting is different from the Charleston shells which were shorter and
has a different pattern of milled bourrelet rings (Charleston shells are milled closer to the nose).
Recovered: North Carolina defenses (not Fort Fisher)
Diameter 6.35 in., length 11.5 in. sabot missing with sabot shell would be about 12.5 in.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 420, not listed in this size!

Mullane (Tennessee) shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Confederate percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.
This design, employing disc sabot attached using studs, is attributed to Mullane, period literature also referred to it as the "Tennessee" sabot. This is the tall pattern shell with bourrelet rings, pointed nose, sabot is heavy copper disc, with studs in the disc, "type II". Shell is threaded for a Confederate percussion fuse, (Jones pg. 52 and sequence) Shell measures: diameter 6.3in., length 12.5in., weight 60lbs.
Ref: Kerksis & Dickey pg.136, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg., not listed (see pg. 429 for similar pattern 7 inch caliber)

A0897 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Confederate percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.
Recovered: Charleston, SC
Ref: Kerksis & Dickey pg.136, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg., not listed (see pg. 429 for similar pattern 7 inch caliber)

A1754 Mullane (Tennessee) shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Confederate percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.
Recovered: Charleston, SC
Ref: Kerksis & Dickey pg.136, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. not listed (see pg. 429 for similar pattern 7 inch caliber)

Read shell, bourreleted ringed long pattern, iron sabot, re-saboted by adding Mullane copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate Navy watercap time fuse, Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.

A0285 Read shell, bourreleted ringed long pattern, iron sabot, re-saboted by adding Mullane copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate Navy watercap time fuse, Brooke rifle, 6.4 in.
Wrought iron sabot was ineffective and too rigid with these heavy shells. This one is fitted with a copper disc sabot fitted right over top of the iron sabot and fastened with a bolt. This is a great illustration of problems the Confederacy had with their heavy shells and attempt to remedy.
Girardey percussion fuse in wooden fuse plug partly intact
Recovered: unknown
Diameter 6.3 in., length 12 in.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 421, actual example photographed

Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, long pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in.
This pattern features an iron shell body cast independent of the copper sabot, then assembled together with a center bolt and held in place with three studs. The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This sabot design, referred to as "Type II", featured studs cast into the sabot and seated in the shell, and is the convention generally employed in the larger calibers. The low convex blunt nose was designed for armor punching against the Federal ironclads. Shell measures: diameter 6.9in., length 14.25in., weight 123 lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425 (long bolt)

A2150 Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, long pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in.
Recovered: James River, Virginia.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425 (long bolt)

A2428 Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, long pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in.
Recovered: James River, Virginia.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425 (long bolt)

Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, medium pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in.
This pattern features an iron shell body cast independent of the copper sabot, then assembled together with a center bolt and held in place with three studs. The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This sabot design, referred to as "Type II", featured studs cast into the sabot and seated in the shell, and is the convention generally employed in the larger calibers. The low convex blunt nose was designed for armor punching against the Federal ironclads. This "medium" bolt is 1in. shorter than the "long" bolt. Shell measures: diameter 6.9in., length 13.25in., weight 118 lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425 (medium bolt)

A2593 Mullane (Tennessee) bolt, blunt nose, bourreleted ringed, medium pattern, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in.
Recovered: James River, Virginia. Shell measures: diameter 6.9in., length 13.25in., weight 118 lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425 (medium bolt)

Tennessee (Mullane) short shell, bourreleted ringed, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Archer percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7 in.
This pattern features an iron shell body cast independent of the copper sabot, then assembled together with a center bolt and held in place with three studs. The pattern is believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, although Mullane was never granted a patent and period literature often refers to this work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot. This sabot design, referred to as "Type II", featured studs cast into the sabot and seated in the shell, and is the convention generally employed in the larger calibers. This is short pattern Mullane shell with bourrelet rings, pointed nose. Shell utilized the Archer percussion fuse, (Jones pg. 55 or 56). Shell measures: diameter 6.9in., length 13.25in. (excluding fuse), weight 56 lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 428

A2444 Tennessee (Mullane) short shell, bourreleted ringed, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Archer percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7 in.
Recovered: Charleston South Carolina, Long Island,
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 428 this is the shell published.

Mullane shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Archer percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7 in.
This design, employing disc sabot attached using studs, is attributed to Mullane, period literature also referred to it as the "Tennessee" sabot. This is the tall pattern with bourrelet rings, pointed nose, sabot is heavy copper disc, with studs in the disc, "type II" . This was part of a cache of shells recovered from a site near the 1865 battle involving the CSS "Richmond" which after running aground, apparently discharged a number of these heavy shells to lighten its load to escape. Shell used threaded Archer percussion fuse, (Jones pg. 62). Shell measures: diameter 6.95in., length 16in., weight 100 lbs.
Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 429

A1644 Mullane shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with studs in the sabot, Archer percussion fuse, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7 in.
Recovered: Trent's Reach, James River, Virginia.
Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 429